Suq ad-Diraʿ, a general view of the destruction of the Suq to the west

Suq ad-Diraʿ, a general view of the destruction of the Suq to the west

Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction

Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction

Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to west showing the destruction

Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to west showing the destruction

Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction

Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction

Suq ad-Diraʿ, a general view of the destruction of the suq to the west

Suq ad-Diraʿ, a general view of the destruction of the suq to the west

Suq Istanbul al-Jadid, view to north of the destroyed market

Suq Istanbul al-Jadid, view to north of the destroyed market

Suq ad-Diraʿ, general view of the suq

Suq ad-Diraʿ, general view of the suq

Tower north of Bab Antakiya. The inscription indicates a restoration by the Mamluk ruler al-Malik al-Muʾayyad Shaykh between 820/1417 and 823/1420

Tower north of Bab Antakiya. The inscription indicates a restoration by the Mamluk ruler al-Malik al-Muʾayyad Shaykh between 820/1417 and 823/1420

Tower north of Bab Antakiya. Condition after partial collapse

Fig.41-c_Rubble management_Partial collapse of façade in 2019

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower's facade

Burj Alaʾ, general view of the tower’s facade

Bab Antakiya, main gate

Bab Antakiya, main gate

Bab Antakiya, main gate

Bab Antakiya, main gate

Tower north of Bab Antakiya, a side of the defensive tower after the removal of infringements

Tower north of Bab Antakiya, a side of the defensive tower after the removal of infringements

Fortification tower north of the Bab Antakiya, view during the removal of historical annexes

Fortification tower north of the Bab Antakiya, view during the removal of historical annexes

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate's entrance from the outside

Bab al-Hadid, general view of the gate’s entrance from the outside

Bab al-Hadid, inscription beside the door from outside

Bab al-Hadid, inscription beside the door from outside

Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations

Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) – Excavations

Suq ad-Diraʿ, general view of the suq

Suq ad-Diraʿ, general view of the suq

Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations

Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) – Excavations

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Reconstruction (drawing) of the missing part of the main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-b_Marking missing stones after partial collapse

Rubble stone with inscription

Fig.42_ٍStone with inscription

Previous state, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-a_Main front in 1995, with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

View to the excavation in Tall Shaykh Hamad in 1984

View to the excavation in Tall Shaykh Hamad in 1984

Reconstruction of Assyrian town Dur Katlimmu

Reconstruction of Assyrian town Dur Katlimmu

View at al-Hariqa district showing the south-western tower of Damascus Citadel

View at al-Hariqa district showing the south-western tower of Damascus Citadel

Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) - Excavations

Tall Shaykh Hamad (Dur Katlimmu) – Excavations

Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction

Suq al-ʿAttarin, view to east showing the destruction

Suq ad-Dahsha, general view of the suq

Suq ad-Dahsha, general view of the suq

Suq az-Zarb, general view of the suq

Suq az-Zarb, general view of the suq